ReedSolomonDecoder
Implements Reed-Solomon decoding, as the name implies.
The algorithm will not be explained here, but the following references were helpful in creating this implementation:
Bruce Maggs. "Decoding Reed-Solomon Codes" (see discussion of Forney's Formula)
J.I. Hall. www.mth.msu.edu/~jhall/classes/codenotes/GRS.pdf (see discussion of Euclidean algorithm)
Much credit is due to William Rucklidge since portions of this code are an indirect port of his C++ Reed-Solomon implementation.